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Wednesday 24 April 2013
Control Strategy in a Centrifugal Separation Process
A new concept for separating yeast from
beer has been developed at Alfa Laval in Tumba. The yeast is now
continuously fed out from the separator instead of discharged when too
much yeast have collected in the separator. The concept makes it
possible to save beer which otherwise would have been wasted at discharges.
For the concept to be profitable, the density of out yeast must be high
enough even though the inlet density is steadily declining, and at the
same time have good separation efficiency.
In this study a control strategy has
been developed for this high speed centrifugal separation process.
Through experimental studies a mathematical model of the separation
process could be made. This model was then used for a MPC-controller
where the density was controlled by controlling the flows of the
process. An implementation of the control strategy was carried out in
the process laboratory in Tumba.
The separation was assumed to be good as
long as the mass inow was relatively low and the pressure levels were
steady. With the MPC-controller it was possible to maintain the density
over the set limit in laboratory experiments. It is also shown that a
multivariable controller has benefits compared to a single variable
controller. Controlling the separation efficiency is deemed possible and
is the next step.
Source: KTH
Author: Svensson, Anders
Source: KTH
Author: Svensson, Anders
to download full project
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:570121/FULLTEXT01
A Home Automation System Using Hardware Design Concepts
Today, safety and security is just a
click of the appropriate technology away, and with such advancements
happening, the security of one’s home must also not be left behind. This
project is an example of the use of digital systems design to
accomplish that goal, where the security and comfort of a home is the issue at hand.
This device has been modeled such that
it takes care of home intrusion detection and avoidance, while it also
controls other home environment factors such as temperature and smoke
detection. A sequential pattern of controlling the front door, rear
door, windows, fire alarm and temperature is followed in a priority
order. The solution uses the hardware design system concepts of a state
machine to design a Mealy system that is simulated in VHDL using
Cadence.
The expected output is achieved in the
waveforms of the system, which is in agreement with the theoretical
results expected and has realized the objective of controlling the home
system.
Source: ASU
Author: Sirisha Vasala
Source: ASU
Author: Sirisha Vasala
to download
https://technology.asu.edu/files/documents/tradeshow/Dec03/VasalaSirisha.pdf
Friday 22 February 2013
For more academic projects please feel free to contact
kalarikkalaslam@gmail.com
kalarikkalaslam@gmail.com
Monday 18 February 2013
First-ever Manned Electric ‘Multicopter’ Takes Off
German aircraft company e-volo has
accomplished what it claims is the world’s first manned flight of an
electric-powered “multi-copter”.
Multicopter is an electric, vertically starting, human carrying transportation device that employs 16 propellers mounted on a rigid
frame, allowing it to take off and land like a helicopter. The
propellers create the full lift, and are also responsible for balancing
the device on all three axes by independent speed control of the motors.
Unlike the rotor of a helicopter, the propellers don’t have any pitch
control and therefore no wear.
The automatic attitude and directional
control are taken care of by onboard computers which control the engines
with the precise rotation speed necessary to fly this tri-axis device. A
simple joystick allows the pilot to control the aircraft via a
fly-by-wire system. E-volo says the flight of the multicopter is only
limited by battery strength.
The flight took place at an airstrip in
southwest Germany, and lasted one and a half minutes. Thomas Senkel, a
physicist and designer/builder of the multicopter, piloted the aircraft
from a center-mounted seat, using a handheld wireless control unit. The
flight consisted mainly of maneuvering the multicopter around within a
fairly small area – no sense in getting cocky.
Particle Filtering for Track Before Detect Applications (Electrical Project)
Integrated tracking and detection,
based on unthresholded measurements, also referred to as track before
detect (TBD) is a hard nonlinear and non-Gaussian dynamical estimation
and detection problem. However, it is a technique that enables the user
to track and detect targets that would be extremely
hard to track and detect, if possible at all with ”classical” methods.
TBD enables us to be better able to detect and track weak, stealthy or
dim targets in noise and clutter and particles filter have shown to be
very useful in the implementation of TBD algorithms.
This project has investigated the use of particle filters on radar measurements, in a TBD approach.
The work has been divided into two major
problems, a time efficient implementation and new functional features,
as estimating the radar cross section (RCS) and the extension of the
target. The later is of great importance when the resolution of the
radar is such, that specific features of the target can be
distinguished. Results will be illustrated by means of realistic
examples.
Source: Linköping University
Author: Torstensson, Johan
Source: Linköping University
Author: Torstensson, Johan
Virtual Instrumentation: Introduction of Virtual (Electrical Project)
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the
next large particle accelerator developed at CERN, constructed to enable
studies of particles. The acceleration of the particles is carried out
using magnets operating at about 1.9 K, a temperature achieved by
regulating flow of superfluid helium. For
economical reasons, control of the helium flow is based on feedback of
virtual flow meter (VFT) estimates instead of real instrumentation.
The main purpose of this work is to
develop a virtual flow meter with the possibility to estimate the flow
by means of two different flow estimation methods; the Samson method
that has previously been tested for the LHC, and the Sereg-Schlumberger
method that has never before been implemented in this environment.
The virtual flow meters are implemented
on PLCs using temperature and pressure measurements as input data, and a
tool for generating the virtual flow meters and connect them to the
appropriate physical instrumentation has also been developed.
The flow through a valve depends, among
others, on some pressure and temperature dependent physical properties
that are to be estimated with high accuracy. In this project, this is
done by bi linear interpolation in two dimensional tables containing
physical data, an approach that turned out to be more accurate than the
previously used method with polynomial interpolation.
The flow measurement methods have been
compared. Since they both derive from empirical studies rather than
physical relations it is quite futile to find theoretical
correspondencies, but the simulations of the mass flows can be compared.
For low pressures, the results are fairly equal but they differ more
for higher pressures. The methods have not been validated against true
flow rates since there were no real measurements available before the
end of this project.
Source: Linköping University
Author: Ödlund, Erika
Source: Linköping University
Author: Ödlund, Erika
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